Add causes to thrown exceptions where possible

src/main/java/de/tlc4b/TLC4B.java

src/main/java/de/tlc4b/Translator.java

src/main/java/de/tlc4b/analysis/DefinitionsAnalyser.java

src/main/java/de/tlc4b/analysis/MachineContext.java

src/main/java/de/tlc4b/analysis/Typechecker.java

src/main/java/de/tlc4b/ltl/LTLFormulaVisitor.java