diff --git a/info4/kapitel-0/Mengentheorie.ipynb b/info4/kapitel-0/Mengentheorie.ipynb index f09b27b59256c3fa628618b2a969093410373988..130e993a01f26bb83f23d0956d18c416ec358092 100644 --- a/info4/kapitel-0/Mengentheorie.ipynb +++ b/info4/kapitel-0/Mengentheorie.ipynb @@ -29,9 +29,15 @@ "# Mengen\n", " \n", "Fundamentale Idee der Mengentheorie: \n", - "* _\"The ability to regard any collection of objects as a single entity (i.e., as a set).\"_ (Keith Devlin. Joy of Sets. Springer-Verlag.)\n", "\n", "* _\"Unter einer ‚Menge‘ verstehen wir jede Zusammenfassung M von bestimmten wohlunterschiedenen Objekten m unserer Anschauung oder unseres Denkens (welche die ‚Elemente‘ von M genannt werden) zu einem Ganzen.\"_ Georg Cantor (siehe [Textstelle als Bild in Wikipedia](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Textstelle_mit_der_Mengendefinition_von_Georg_Cantor.png))\n", + "* _\"The ability to regard any collection of objects as a single entity (i.e., as a set).\"_ (Keith Devlin. Joy of Sets. Springer-Verlag.)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ "\n", "In der Regel gibt es eine Domäne an \"Objekten\" mit denen man Mengen bauen kann.\n", "Was genau diese Objekte sind interessiert uns in der Mengentheorie nicht.\n", @@ -62,7 +68,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 2, + "execution_count": 17, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -74,7 +80,7 @@ "FALSE" ] }, - "execution_count": 2, + "execution_count": 17, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -85,7 +91,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 3, + "execution_count": 18, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -97,7 +103,7 @@ "FALSE" ] }, - "execution_count": 3, + "execution_count": 18, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -108,7 +114,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 1, + "execution_count": 19, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -120,7 +126,7 @@ "TRUE" ] }, - "execution_count": 1, + "execution_count": 19, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -141,7 +147,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 5, + "execution_count": 20, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -153,7 +159,7 @@ "TRUE" ] }, - "execution_count": 5, + "execution_count": 20, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -171,7 +177,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 7, + "execution_count": 22, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -183,18 +189,18 @@ "FALSE" ] }, - "execution_count": 7, + "execution_count": 22, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ - "(2,5,3) = (2,3,5) // Vergleich von zwei Tripeln" + "(TRUE,5,3) = (TRUE,3,5) // Vergleich von zwei Tripeln" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 2, + "execution_count": 23, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -206,7 +212,7 @@ "FALSE" ] }, - "execution_count": 2, + "execution_count": 23, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -224,7 +230,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 6, + "execution_count": 24, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -236,7 +242,7 @@ "TRUE" ] }, - "execution_count": 6, + "execution_count": 24, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -265,7 +271,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 10, + "execution_count": 25, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -277,7 +283,7 @@ "{2,3,5,7}" ] }, - "execution_count": 10, + "execution_count": 25, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -288,7 +294,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 11, + "execution_count": 26, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -300,7 +306,7 @@ "{5}" ] }, - "execution_count": 11, + "execution_count": 26, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -311,7 +317,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 12, + "execution_count": 27, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -323,7 +329,7 @@ "{2,3}" ] }, - "execution_count": 12, + "execution_count": 27, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -340,12 +346,12 @@ " \n", "Man kann die Elemente einer Menge auch durch ein Prädikat beschreiben:$\\{a \\mid P(a)\\}$.\n", "Es gilt:\n", - "* $z = \\{a \\mid P(a)\\} \\Leftrightarrow \\forall(a).(a\\in z \\equiv P(a))$\n" + "* $z = \\{a \\mid P(a)\\} \\Leftrightarrow \\forall(a).(a\\in z \\Leftrightarrow P(a))$\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 13, + "execution_count": 28, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -357,7 +363,7 @@ "{2,3,5}" ] }, - "execution_count": 13, + "execution_count": 28, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -375,7 +381,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 14, + "execution_count": 29, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -387,7 +393,7 @@ "{a∣a > 10}" ] }, - "execution_count": 14, + "execution_count": 29, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -398,7 +404,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 15, + "execution_count": 30, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -410,7 +416,7 @@ "{2}" ] }, - "execution_count": 15, + "execution_count": 30, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -432,7 +438,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 16, + "execution_count": 31, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -454,7 +460,7 @@ "\ty = {2,5}" ] }, - "execution_count": 16, + "execution_count": 31, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -465,7 +471,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 17, + "execution_count": 32, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -487,7 +493,7 @@ "\ty = {2,5}" ] }, - "execution_count": 17, + "execution_count": 32, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -498,7 +504,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 18, + "execution_count": 33, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -520,7 +526,7 @@ "\ty = {2,5}" ] }, - "execution_count": 18, + "execution_count": 33, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -538,7 +544,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 19, + "execution_count": 34, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -550,7 +556,7 @@ "{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}" ] }, - "execution_count": 19, + "execution_count": 34, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -573,7 +579,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 24, + "execution_count": 35, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -585,7 +591,7 @@ "{2,3,44,55}" ] }, - "execution_count": 24, + "execution_count": 35, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -596,7 +602,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 25, + "execution_count": 36, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -608,7 +614,7 @@ "{2,3,44,55}" ] }, - "execution_count": 25, + "execution_count": 36, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -630,14 +636,14 @@ "4. $\\phi \\vee (\\psi \\wedge \\rho) \\equiv (\\phi \\vee \\psi) \\wedge (\\phi \\vee \\rho)$\n", "\n", "Hier ist ein Äquivalenzbeweis (siehe vorherige Vorlesung): \n", - "1. $x \\cup (y \\cap z)$\n", - "2. (Lemma 1) $\\Longleftrightarrow$ $\\{a \\mid a\\in x \\vee a\\in (y \\cap z)\\}$ \n", - "3. (Lemma 2) $\\Longleftrightarrow$ $\\{a \\mid a\\in x \\vee a\\in \\{b \\mid b\\in y \\wedge b\\in z\\} \\}$ \n", - "4. (Lemma 3) $\\Longleftrightarrow$ $\\{a \\mid a\\in x \\vee (a\\in y \\wedge a\\in z) \\}$\n", - "5. (Lemma 4) $\\Longleftrightarrow$ $\\{a \\mid (a\\in x \\vee a\\in y) \\wedge (a\\in x \\vee a\\in z) \\}$\n", - "6. (Lemma 3, $\\Leftarrow$) $\\Longleftrightarrow$ $\\{a \\mid a\\in \\{b \\mid b\\in x \\vee b\\in y\\} \\wedge a\\in \\{b \\mid b\\in x \\vee b\\in z\\} \\}$\n", - "7. (Lemma 1, $\\Leftarrow$) $\\Longleftrightarrow$ $\\{a \\mid a\\in x \\cup y \\wedge a\\in x \\cup z) \\}$\n", - "8. (Lemma 2, $\\Leftarrow$) $(x\\cup y) \\cap (x\\cup z)$" + "1. $m=x \\cup (y \\cap z)$\n", + "2. (Lemma 1) $\\Longleftrightarrow$ $m=\\{a \\mid a\\in x \\vee a\\in (y \\cap z)\\}$ \n", + "3. (Lemma 2) $\\Longleftrightarrow$ $m=\\{a \\mid a\\in x \\vee a\\in \\{b \\mid b\\in y \\wedge b\\in z\\} \\}$ \n", + "4. (Lemma 3) $\\Longleftrightarrow$ $m=\\{a \\mid a\\in x \\vee (a\\in y \\wedge a\\in z) \\}$\n", + "5. (Lemma 4) $\\Longleftrightarrow$ $m=\\{a \\mid (a\\in x \\vee a\\in y) \\wedge (a\\in x \\vee a\\in z) \\}$\n", + "6. (Lemma 3, $\\Leftarrow$) $\\Longleftrightarrow$ $m=\\{a \\mid a\\in \\{b \\mid b\\in x \\vee b\\in y\\} \\wedge a\\in \\{b \\mid b\\in x \\vee b\\in z\\} \\}$\n", + "7. (Lemma 1, $\\Leftarrow$) $\\Longleftrightarrow$ $m=\\{a \\mid a\\in x \\cup y \\wedge a\\in x \\cup z) \\}$\n", + "8. (Lemma 2, $\\Leftarrow$) $m=(x\\cup y) \\cap (x\\cup z)$" ] }, { @@ -662,7 +668,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 31, + "execution_count": 37, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -674,7 +680,7 @@ "{1,3,7,9}" ] }, - "execution_count": 31, + "execution_count": 37, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -685,7 +691,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 28, + "execution_count": 38, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -697,7 +703,7 @@ "{1,3,5,7,9,10}" ] }, - "execution_count": 28, + "execution_count": 38, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -708,7 +714,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 29, + "execution_count": 39, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -720,7 +726,7 @@ "{1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9}" ] }, - "execution_count": 29, + "execution_count": 39, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -731,7 +737,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 32, + "execution_count": 40, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -743,7 +749,7 @@ "{1,3,7,9}" ] }, - "execution_count": 32, + "execution_count": 40, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -773,23 +779,9 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 37, + "execution_count": null, "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "data": { - "text/markdown": [ - "$\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\emptyset$" - ], - "text/plain": [ - "∅" - ] - }, - "execution_count": 37, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "execute_result" - } - ], + "outputs": [], "source": [ "{2,4} ∩ (ℤ \\ {2,4})" ] @@ -813,7 +805,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 68, + "execution_count": 41, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -833,7 +825,7 @@ "\ty = (1 ‥ 5)" ] }, - "execution_count": 68, + "execution_count": 41, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -844,7 +836,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 67, + "execution_count": 42, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -856,7 +848,7 @@ "FALSE" ] }, - "execution_count": 67, + "execution_count": 42, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -867,7 +859,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 61, + "execution_count": 43, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -879,7 +871,7 @@ "TRUE" ] }, - "execution_count": 61, + "execution_count": 43, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -900,7 +892,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 38, + "execution_count": 44, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -912,7 +904,7 @@ "3" ] }, - "execution_count": 38, + "execution_count": 44, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -923,7 +915,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 39, + "execution_count": 45, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -935,7 +927,7 @@ "3" ] }, - "execution_count": 39, + "execution_count": 45, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -946,7 +938,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 40, + "execution_count": 46, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -958,7 +950,7 @@ "0" ] }, - "execution_count": 40, + "execution_count": 46, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -976,7 +968,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 41, + "execution_count": 47, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1023,7 +1015,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 69, + "execution_count": 48, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1055,7 +1047,7 @@ "\tO = 0" ] }, - "execution_count": 69, + "execution_count": 48, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1073,7 +1065,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 43, + "execution_count": 49, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1082,30 +1074,30 @@ "$\\mathit{TRUE}$\n", "\n", "**Solution:**\n", - "* $\\mathit{R} = 1$\n", - "* $\\mathit{S} = 7$\n", - "* $\\mathit{D} = 4$\n", - "* $\\mathit{E} = 6$\n", - "* $\\mathit{Y} = 0$\n", - "* $\\mathit{M} = 3$\n", - "* $\\mathit{N} = 5$\n", - "* $\\mathit{O} = 2$" + "* $\\mathit{R} = 2$\n", + "* $\\mathit{S} = 0$\n", + "* $\\mathit{D} = 5$\n", + "* $\\mathit{E} = 7$\n", + "* $\\mathit{Y} = 1$\n", + "* $\\mathit{M} = 4$\n", + "* $\\mathit{N} = 6$\n", + "* $\\mathit{O} = 3$" ], "text/plain": [ "TRUE\n", "\n", "Solution:\n", - "\tR = 1\n", - "\tS = 7\n", - "\tD = 4\n", - "\tE = 6\n", - "\tY = 0\n", - "\tM = 3\n", - "\tN = 5\n", - "\tO = 2" + "\tR = 2\n", + "\tS = 0\n", + "\tD = 5\n", + "\tE = 7\n", + "\tY = 1\n", + "\tM = 4\n", + "\tN = 6\n", + "\tO = 3" ] }, - "execution_count": 43, + "execution_count": 49, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1124,7 +1116,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 45, + "execution_count": 50, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1133,37 +1125,37 @@ "$\\mathit{TRUE}$\n", "\n", "**Solution:**\n", - "* $\\mathit{R} = 1$\n", - "* $\\mathit{S} = 7$\n", - "* $\\mathit{D} = 4$\n", - "* $\\mathit{E} = 6$\n", + "* $\\mathit{R} = 3$\n", + "* $\\mathit{S} = 2$\n", + "* $\\mathit{D} = 5$\n", + "* $\\mathit{E} = 7$\n", "* $\\mathit{Y} = 0$\n", - "* $\\mathit{M} = 3$\n", - "* $\\mathit{N} = 5$\n", - "* $\\mathit{O} = 2$" + "* $\\mathit{M} = 1$\n", + "* $\\mathit{N} = 6$\n", + "* $\\mathit{O} = 4$" ], "text/plain": [ "TRUE\n", "\n", "Solution:\n", - "\tR = 1\n", - "\tS = 7\n", - "\tD = 4\n", - "\tE = 6\n", + "\tR = 3\n", + "\tS = 2\n", + "\tD = 5\n", + "\tE = 7\n", "\tY = 0\n", - "\tM = 3\n", - "\tN = 5\n", - "\tO = 2" + "\tM = 1\n", + "\tN = 6\n", + "\tO = 4" ] }, - "execution_count": 45, + "execution_count": 50, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "{S,E,N,D,M,O,R,Y} ⊆ 0..9 ∧ card({S,E,N,D,M,O,R,Y}) = 8 ∧\n", - "S ≠ 0 & M ≠ 0" + "S ≠ 0 ∧ M ≠ 0" ] }, { @@ -1175,7 +1167,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 70, + "execution_count": 51, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1207,7 +1199,7 @@ "\tO = 0" ] }, - "execution_count": 70, + "execution_count": 51, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1228,7 +1220,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 48, + "execution_count": 52, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1240,7 +1232,7 @@ "{(9↦5↦6↦7↦1↦0↦8↦2)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 48, + "execution_count": 52, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1256,7 +1248,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 71, + "execution_count": 53, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1271,7 +1263,7 @@ "9\t5\t6\t7\t1\t0\t8\t2\n" ] }, - "execution_count": 71, + "execution_count": 53, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1308,7 +1300,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 72, + "execution_count": 54, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1323,7 +1315,7 @@ "2\t0\t3\t4\t1\t8\t9\n" ] }, - "execution_count": 72, + "execution_count": 54, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1361,7 +1353,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 57, + "execution_count": 55, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1373,7 +1365,7 @@ "3" ] }, - "execution_count": 57, + "execution_count": 55, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1384,7 +1376,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 52, + "execution_count": 56, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1396,7 +1388,7 @@ "1" ] }, - "execution_count": 52, + "execution_count": 56, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1407,7 +1399,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 53, + "execution_count": 57, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1419,7 +1411,7 @@ "2" ] }, - "execution_count": 53, + "execution_count": 57, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1430,7 +1422,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 55, + "execution_count": 58, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1442,7 +1434,7 @@ "TRUE" ] }, - "execution_count": 55, + "execution_count": 58, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1453,7 +1445,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 56, + "execution_count": 59, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1465,7 +1457,7 @@ "FALSE" ] }, - "execution_count": 56, + "execution_count": 59, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1486,7 +1478,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 76, + "execution_count": 60, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1498,7 +1490,7 @@ "FALSE" ] }, - "execution_count": 76, + "execution_count": 60, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1509,7 +1501,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 77, + "execution_count": 61, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1521,7 +1513,7 @@ "0" ] }, - "execution_count": 77, + "execution_count": 61, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1532,7 +1524,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 78, + "execution_count": 62, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1544,7 +1536,7 @@ "1" ] }, - "execution_count": 78, + "execution_count": 62, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1555,7 +1547,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 83, + "execution_count": 63, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1567,7 +1559,7 @@ "TRUE" ] }, - "execution_count": 83, + "execution_count": 63, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1578,7 +1570,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 84, + "execution_count": 64, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1590,7 +1582,7 @@ "FALSE" ] }, - "execution_count": 84, + "execution_count": 64, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1601,7 +1593,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 85, + "execution_count": 65, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1613,7 +1605,7 @@ "TRUE" ] }, - "execution_count": 85, + "execution_count": 65, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1632,7 +1624,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 7, + "execution_count": 66, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1644,7 +1636,7 @@ "{∅,{1},{1,2},{2}}" ] }, - "execution_count": 7, + "execution_count": 66, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1655,7 +1647,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 8, + "execution_count": 67, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1667,7 +1659,7 @@ "{∅}" ] }, - "execution_count": 8, + "execution_count": 67, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1678,36 +1670,30 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 9, + "execution_count": 68, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "$\\newcommand{\\pow}{\\mathop{\\mathbb P\\hbox{}}\\nolimits}\\newcommand{\\upto}{\\mathbin{.\\mkern1mu.}}\\mathit{TRUE}$\n", - "\n", - "**Solution:**\n", - "* $\\mathit{x} = \\pow((1 \\upto 3))$" + "$\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\{\\emptyset,\\{1\\},\\{1,2\\},\\{1,3\\},\\{2\\},\\{1,2,3\\},\\{2,3\\},\\{3\\}\\}$" ], "text/plain": [ - "TRUE\n", - "\n", - "Solution:\n", - "\tx = ℙ((1 ‥ 3))" + "{∅,{1},{1,2},{1,3},{2},{1,2,3},{2,3},{3}}" ] }, - "execution_count": 9, + "execution_count": 68, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ - "ℙ(1..3)=x" + "ℙ(1..3)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 10, + "execution_count": 69, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1736,7 +1722,7 @@ "{3}\n" ] }, - "execution_count": 10, + "execution_count": 69, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1747,7 +1733,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 11, + "execution_count": 70, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1768,7 +1754,7 @@ "{{1}}\n" ] }, - "execution_count": 11, + "execution_count": 70, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1779,7 +1765,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 12, + "execution_count": 71, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1791,7 +1777,7 @@ "8" ] }, - "execution_count": 12, + "execution_count": 71, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1802,7 +1788,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 13, + "execution_count": 72, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1814,7 +1800,7 @@ "1024" ] }, - "execution_count": 13, + "execution_count": 72, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1825,7 +1811,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 14, + "execution_count": 73, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1837,7 +1823,7 @@ "1267650600228229401496703205376" ] }, - "execution_count": 14, + "execution_count": 73, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1848,7 +1834,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 15, + "execution_count": 74, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1860,7 +1846,7 @@ "340282366920938463463374607431768211456" ] }, - "execution_count": 15, + "execution_count": 74, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1871,7 +1857,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 16, + "execution_count": 75, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1883,7 +1869,7 @@ "115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639936" ] }, - "execution_count": 16, + "execution_count": 75, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1911,7 +1897,6 @@ "\n", "Eine unäre Relation über $x$ entspricht einfach einer Untermenge von $x$:\n", "* die Menge an Werten für die die Relation wahr ist.\n", - " \\end{itemize}\n", "\n", "Beispiele:\n", "* Relation ``Ziffer'' über die ganzen Zahlen ist\n", @@ -1919,10 +1904,16 @@ "* Relation ``Gt0'' über die ganzen Zahlen ist\n", " * $\\{ \\mathit{x}|\\mathit{x} \\in $ℤ $\\wedge \\mathit{x} > 0\\} \\subseteq$ ℤ.\n", "* Relation ``Gerade'' über die ganzen Zahlen ist\n", - " * $\\{ \\mathit{x}|\\mathit{x} \\in $ ℤ $\\wedge \\mathit{x} \\mod 2 = 0\\} \\subseteq$ ℤ.\n", + " * $\\{ \\mathit{x}|\\mathit{x} \\in $ ℤ $\\wedge \\mathit{x} \\mod 2 = 0\\} \\subseteq$ ℤ.\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ "\n", "## Relationen vs Prädikate\n", - "Relationen ist die explizite Darstellung eines Prädikats als Menge:\n", + "Eine Relation ist die explizite Darstellung eines Prädikats als Menge:\n", " \n", "* Prädikate können mit logischen Junktoren und Quantoren verarabeitet werden:\n", " * $\\exists x. is\\_rich(x)$, $\\forall x.(is\\_poor(x) \\Rightarrow \\neg is\\_rich(x))$\n", @@ -1947,7 +1938,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 102, + "execution_count": 78, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1959,7 +1950,7 @@ "{(1↦4),(1↦5),(2↦4),(2↦5)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 102, + "execution_count": 78, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1970,7 +1961,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 103, + "execution_count": 79, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -1982,7 +1973,7 @@ "{(1↦4),(2↦4)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 103, + "execution_count": 79, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -1993,7 +1984,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 104, + "execution_count": 80, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -2005,7 +1996,7 @@ "{(1↦FALSE),(1↦TRUE),(2↦FALSE),(2↦TRUE)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 104, + "execution_count": 80, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -2016,7 +2007,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 105, + "execution_count": 81, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -2028,7 +2019,7 @@ "{(1↦1),(1↦2),(1↦3),(2↦1),(2↦2),(2↦3),(3↦1),(3↦2),(3↦3)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 105, + "execution_count": 81, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -2039,7 +2030,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 106, + "execution_count": 82, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -2051,7 +2042,7 @@ "100" ] }, - "execution_count": 106, + "execution_count": 82, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -2069,7 +2060,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 107, + "execution_count": 83, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -2081,7 +2072,7 @@ "{(2↦3)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 107, + "execution_count": 83, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -2092,7 +2083,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 108, + "execution_count": 86, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -2104,7 +2095,7 @@ "{(3↦2)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 108, + "execution_count": 86, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -2135,25 +2126,25 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 113, + "execution_count": 87, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "$\\{(1\\mapsto 2),(1\\mapsto 3),(1\\mapsto 4),(1\\mapsto 5),(1\\mapsto 6),(1\\mapsto 7),(1\\mapsto 8),(1\\mapsto 9),(2\\mapsto 3),(2\\mapsto 4),(2\\mapsto 5),(2\\mapsto 6),(2\\mapsto 7),(2\\mapsto 8),(2\\mapsto 9),(3\\mapsto 4),(3\\mapsto 5),(3\\mapsto 6),(3\\mapsto 7),(3\\mapsto 8),(3\\mapsto 9),(4\\mapsto 5),(4\\mapsto 6),(4\\mapsto 7),(4\\mapsto 8),(4\\mapsto 9),(5\\mapsto 6),(5\\mapsto 7),(5\\mapsto 8),(5\\mapsto 9),(6\\mapsto 7),(6\\mapsto 8),(6\\mapsto 9),(7\\mapsto 8),(7\\mapsto 9),(8\\mapsto 9)\\}$" + "$\\{(0\\mapsto 1),(0\\mapsto 2),(0\\mapsto 3),(0\\mapsto 4),(0\\mapsto 5),(0\\mapsto 6),(0\\mapsto 7),(0\\mapsto 8),(0\\mapsto 9),(1\\mapsto 2),(1\\mapsto 3),(1\\mapsto 4),(1\\mapsto 5),(1\\mapsto 6),(1\\mapsto 7),(1\\mapsto 8),(1\\mapsto 9),(2\\mapsto 3),(2\\mapsto 4),(2\\mapsto 5),(2\\mapsto 6),(2\\mapsto 7),(2\\mapsto 8),(2\\mapsto 9),(3\\mapsto 4),(3\\mapsto 5),(3\\mapsto 6),(3\\mapsto 7),(3\\mapsto 8),(3\\mapsto 9),(4\\mapsto 5),(4\\mapsto 6),(4\\mapsto 7),(4\\mapsto 8),(4\\mapsto 9),(5\\mapsto 6),(5\\mapsto 7),(5\\mapsto 8),(5\\mapsto 9),(6\\mapsto 7),(6\\mapsto 8),(6\\mapsto 9),(7\\mapsto 8),(7\\mapsto 9),(8\\mapsto 9)\\}$" ], "text/plain": [ - "{(1↦2),(1↦3),(1↦4),(1↦5),(1↦6),(1↦7),(1↦8),(1↦9),(2↦3),(2↦4),(2↦5),(2↦6),(2↦7),(2↦8),(2↦9),(3↦4),(3↦5),(3↦6),(3↦7),(3↦8),(3↦9),(4↦5),(4↦6),(4↦7),(4↦8),(4↦9),(5↦6),(5↦7),(5↦8),(5↦9),(6↦7),(6↦8),(6↦9),(7↦8),(7↦9),(8↦9)}" + "{(0↦1),(0↦2),(0↦3),(0↦4),(0↦5),(0↦6),(0↦7),(0↦8),(0↦9),(1↦2),(1↦3),(1↦4),(1↦5),(1↦6),(1↦7),(1↦8),(1↦9),(2↦3),(2↦4),(2↦5),(2↦6),(2↦7),(2↦8),(2↦9),(3↦4),(3↦5),(3↦6),(3↦7),(3↦8),(3↦9),(4↦5),(4↦6),(4↦7),(4↦8),(4↦9),(5↦6),(5↦7),(5↦8),(5↦9),(6↦7),(6↦8),(6↦9),(7↦8),(7↦9),(8↦9)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 113, + "execution_count": 87, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ - "{a,b| (a,b)∈(1..9)×(1..9) ∧ a<b}" + "{a,b| (a,b)∈(0..9)×(0..9) ∧ a<b}" ] }, { @@ -2166,7 +2157,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 116, + "execution_count": 88, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -2178,7 +2169,7 @@ "{(2↦1),(4↦2),(6↦3),(8↦4),(10↦5)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 116, + "execution_count": 88, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -2196,7 +2187,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 119, + "execution_count": 89, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -2290,7 +2281,7 @@ "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [(\"halb\",{a,b|a:1..10 & b:1..10 & b*2=a})]>" ] }, - "execution_count": 119, + "execution_count": 89, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -2309,7 +2300,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 123, + "execution_count": 90, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -2321,7 +2312,7 @@ "{(1↦\"nein\"),(2↦\"nein\"),(3↦\"ja\"),(4↦\"nein\"),(5↦\"nein\"),(6↦\"ja\"),(7↦\"nein\")}" ] }, - "execution_count": 123, + "execution_count": 90, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -2332,7 +2323,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 124, + "execution_count": 91, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -2443,7 +2434,7 @@ "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [(\"teilbar\",{x,y|x:1..7 & (x mod 3=0 => y=\"ja\") & (x mod 3>0 => y=\"nein\")})]>" ] }, - "execution_count": 124, + "execution_count": 91, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -2461,7 +2452,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 142, + "execution_count": 92, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -2470,7 +2461,7 @@ "Preference changed: DOT_ENGINE = circo\n" ] }, - "execution_count": 142, + "execution_count": 92, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -2481,7 +2472,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 143, + "execution_count": 93, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -2680,7 +2671,7 @@ "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [(\"K5\",(1..5)*(1..5))]>" ] }, - "execution_count": 143, + "execution_count": 93, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -2691,7 +2682,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 136, + "execution_count": 94, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -2700,7 +2691,7 @@ "Preference changed: DOT_ENGINE = circo\n" ] }, - "execution_count": 136, + "execution_count": 94, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -2711,7 +2702,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 141, + "execution_count": 95, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -3385,7 +3376,7 @@ "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [(\"K10\",(1..10)*(1..10))]>" ] }, - "execution_count": 141, + "execution_count": 95, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -3396,7 +3387,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 140, + "execution_count": 96, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -5920,7 +5911,7 @@ "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [(\"K20\",(1..20)*(1..20))]>" ] }, - "execution_count": 140, + "execution_count": 96, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -5931,7 +5922,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 144, + "execution_count": 97, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -5940,7 +5931,7 @@ "Preference changed: DOT_ENGINE = dot\n" ] }, - "execution_count": 144, + "execution_count": 97, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -5965,7 +5956,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 164, + "execution_count": 98, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -5977,7 +5968,7 @@ "{(2↦1),(4↦2),(6↦3),(8↦4),(10↦5)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 164, + "execution_count": 98, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -5988,7 +5979,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 165, + "execution_count": 99, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -6000,7 +5991,7 @@ "{2,4,6,8,10}" ] }, - "execution_count": 165, + "execution_count": 99, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -6011,7 +6002,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 166, + "execution_count": 100, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -6023,7 +6014,7 @@ "{1,2,3,4,5}" ] }, - "execution_count": 166, + "execution_count": 100, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -6034,7 +6025,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 167, + "execution_count": 103, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -6046,7 +6037,7 @@ "{2,4,6,8,10}" ] }, - "execution_count": 167, + "execution_count": 103, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -6057,30 +6048,16 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 73, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "data": { - "text/markdown": [ - "$\\{(2\\mapsto 1),(4\\mapsto 2),(6\\mapsto 3),(8\\mapsto 4),(10\\mapsto 5)\\}$" - ], - "text/plain": [ - "{(2↦1),(4↦2),(6↦3),(8↦4),(10↦5)}" - ] - }, - "execution_count": 73, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "execute_result" - } - ], - "source": [ - ":let h {a,b| a∈1..10 ∧ b∈1..10 & b*2=a}" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 15, + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + ":let h {a,b| a∈1..10 ∧ b∈1..10 & b*2=a}" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 111, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -6174,7 +6151,7 @@ "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [dhd={(1,\"nein\"),(2,\"nein\"),(3,\"ja\"),(4,\"nein\"),(5,\"nein\"),(6,\"ja\"),(7,\"nein\")} & h={(2,1),(4,2),(6,3),(8,4),(10,5)}(\"h\",h)]>" ] }, - "execution_count": 15, + "execution_count": 111, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -6185,7 +6162,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 9, + "execution_count": 104, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -6197,7 +6174,7 @@ "{(1↦\"nein\"),(2↦\"nein\"),(3↦\"ja\"),(4↦\"nein\"),(5↦\"nein\"),(6↦\"ja\"),(7↦\"nein\")}" ] }, - "execution_count": 9, + "execution_count": 104, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -6208,7 +6185,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 10, + "execution_count": 105, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -6220,7 +6197,7 @@ "{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}" ] }, - "execution_count": 10, + "execution_count": 105, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -6231,7 +6208,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 11, + "execution_count": 106, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -6243,7 +6220,7 @@ "{\"ja\",\"nein\"}" ] }, - "execution_count": 11, + "execution_count": 106, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -6254,7 +6231,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 12, + "execution_count": 107, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -6362,10 +6339,10 @@ "</svg>" ], "text/plain": [ - "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [dhd={(1,\"nein\"),(2,\"nein\"),(3,\"ja\"),(4,\"nein\"),(5,\"nein\"),(6,\"ja\"),(7,\"nein\")} & h={(2,1)}(\"d\",d)]>" + "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [dhd={(1,\"nein\"),(2,\"nein\"),(3,\"ja\"),(4,\"nein\"),(5,\"nein\"),(6,\"ja\"),(7,\"nein\")} & h={(2,1),(4,2),(6,3),(8,4),(10,5)}(\"d\",d)]>" ] }, - "execution_count": 12, + "execution_count": 107, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -6384,14 +6361,14 @@ " * $r[A] = \\{b \\mid \\exists a.((a,b)\\in r \\wedge a\\in A)\\}$\n", "\n", "Umkehrrelation:\n", - " * $r^{-1} = \\{(b,a) \\mid (a,b)\\in r \\}$\\\\\n", + " * $r^{-1} = \\{(b,a) \\mid (a,b)\\in r \\}$\n", "\n", "Im Notebook muss für die Umkehrrelation leider Tilde (~) verwendet werden: " ] }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 16, + "execution_count": 112, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -6403,7 +6380,7 @@ "{4,5}" ] }, - "execution_count": 16, + "execution_count": 112, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -6414,7 +6391,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 17, + "execution_count": 110, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -6426,7 +6403,7 @@ "{\"ja\"}" ] }, - "execution_count": 17, + "execution_count": 110, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -6437,30 +6414,16 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 19, + "execution_count": null, "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "data": { - "text/markdown": [ - "$\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\emptyset$" - ], - "text/plain": [ - "∅" - ] - }, - "execution_count": 19, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "execute_result" - } - ], + "outputs": [], "source": [ "d[{0}]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 26, + "execution_count": 113, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -6472,7 +6435,7 @@ "{(\"ja\"↦3),(\"ja\"↦6),(\"nein\"↦1),(\"nein\"↦2),(\"nein\"↦4),(\"nein\"↦5),(\"nein\"↦7)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 26, + "execution_count": 113, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -6483,7 +6446,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 38, + "execution_count": 114, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -6594,7 +6557,7 @@ "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [dhd={(1,\"nein\"),(2,\"nein\"),(3,\"ja\"),(4,\"nein\"),(5,\"nein\"),(6,\"ja\"),(7,\"nein\")} & h={(2,1),(4,2),(6,3),(8,4),(10,5)}(\"d~\",d~)]>" ] }, - "execution_count": 38, + "execution_count": 114, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -6607,12 +6570,12 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ - "Man kann natürlich auch beide Operatore verknüpfen, zum Beispiel um herauszufinden welche Zahlen durch 3 teilbar sind:" + "Man kann natürlich auch beide Operatoren verknüpfen, zum Beispiel um herauszufinden welche Zahlen durch 3 teilbar sind:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 40, + "execution_count": 118, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -6624,7 +6587,7 @@ "{3,6}" ] }, - "execution_count": 40, + "execution_count": 118, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -6635,7 +6598,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 54, + "execution_count": 119, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ @@ -6643,24 +6606,8 @@ ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 32, + "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "data": { - "text/latex": [ - "$1 = 2$" - ], - "text/plain": [ - "1 = 2" - ] - }, - "execution_count": 32, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "execute_result" - } - ], "source": [ "# Binäre Relationen - Verknüpfung\n", " \n", @@ -6671,7 +6618,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 42, + "execution_count": 121, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -6683,7 +6630,7 @@ "{(1↦4),(1↦8)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 42, + "execution_count": 121, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -6703,7 +6650,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 49, + "execution_count": 123, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -6715,7 +6662,7 @@ "{(4↦1),(8↦2)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 49, + "execution_count": 123, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -6726,221 +6673,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 50, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "data": { - "image/svg+xml": [ - "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?>\n", - "<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN\"\n", - " \"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd\">\n", - "<!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.28.0 (20110509.1545)\n", - " -->\n", - "<!-- Title: state Pages: 1 -->\n", - "<svg width=\"910pt\" height=\"256pt\"\n", - " viewBox=\"0.00 0.00 910.00 256.00\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\n", - "<g id=\"graph1\" class=\"graph\" transform=\"scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 252)\">\n", - "<title>state</title>\n", - "<polygon fill=\"white\" stroke=\"white\" points=\"-4,5 -4,-252 907,-252 907,5 -4,5\"/>\n", - "<!-- abs2_3 -->\n", - "<g id=\"node1\" class=\"node\"><title>abs2_3</title>\n", - "<ellipse fill=\"none\" stroke=\"black\" cx=\"114\" cy=\"-222\" rx=\"38.0899\" ry=\"18\"/>\n", - "<text text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"114\" y=\"-217.8\" font-family=\"Times,serif\" font-size=\"14.00\">abs2_3</text>\n", - "</g>\n", - "<!-- abs2_4 -->\n", - "<g id=\"node3\" class=\"node\"><title>abs2_4</title>\n", - "<ellipse fill=\"none\" stroke=\"black\" cx=\"456\" cy=\"-116\" rx=\"38.0899\" ry=\"18\"/>\n", - "<text text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"456\" y=\"-111.8\" font-family=\"Times,serif\" font-size=\"14.00\">abs2_4</text>\n", - "</g>\n", - "<!-- abs2_3->abs2_4 -->\n", - "<g id=\"edge2\" class=\"edge\"><title>abs2_3->abs2_4</title>\n", - "<path fill=\"none\" stroke=\"firebrick\" d=\"M127.315,-205.029C141.732,-187.917 163.375,-162.817 168.598,-160 209.069,-138.172 337.623,-125.628 408.301,-120.213\"/>\n", - 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"<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [dhd={(1,\"nein\"),(2,\"nein\"),(3,\"ja\"),(4,\"nein\"),(5,\"nein\"),(6,\"ja\"),(7,\"nein\")} & h={(2,1),(4,2),(6,3),(8,4),(10,5)}(\"h\",h)]>" + "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [hh={(2,1),(4,2),(6,3),(8,4),(10,5)}(\"h\",h)]>" ] }, - "execution_count": 48, + "execution_count": 124, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], + "source": [ + ":dot expr_as_graph (\"h\",h,\"hh\",(h;h))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + ":dot expr_as_graph (\"hh\",(h;h))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], "source": [ ":dot expr_as_graph (\"h\",(h))" ] @@ -7114,7 +6810,7 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ - "# Transitive und Reflexive Hülle\n", + "# Transitive Hülle\n", " \n", "Gegeben eine Relation $r$ von $A$ nach $A$\n", "* $r^1 = r$\n", @@ -7125,7 +6821,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 74, + "execution_count": 125, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -7137,7 +6833,7 @@ "{(4↦1),(8↦2)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 74, + "execution_count": 125, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -7148,7 +6844,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 75, + "execution_count": 126, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -7160,7 +6856,7 @@ "{(8↦1)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 75, + "execution_count": 126, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -7171,7 +6867,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 76, + "execution_count": 127, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -7183,7 +6879,7 @@ "∅" ] }, - "execution_count": 76, + "execution_count": 127, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -7201,7 +6897,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 81, + "execution_count": 128, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -7213,7 +6909,7 @@ "{(2↦1),(4↦1),(4↦2),(6↦3),(8↦1),(8↦2),(8↦4),(10↦5)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 81, + "execution_count": 128, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -7224,7 +6920,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 79, + "execution_count": 129, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -7333,10 +7029,10 @@ "</svg>" ], "text/plain": [ - "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [ArhA={1,2,3} & r={(1,2),(2,3)} & h={(2,1),(4,2),(6,3),(8,4),(10,5)}(\"h+\",closure1(h))]>" + "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [hh={(2,1),(4,2),(6,3),(8,4),(10,5)}(\"h+\",closure1(h))]>" ] }, - "execution_count": 79, + "execution_count": 129, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -7347,7 +7043,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, + "execution_count": 130, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ @@ -7358,12 +7054,12 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ - "Ein weiteres Beispiel ist folgende abgeänderte strikte Untermengenrelation $\\subset$ für $\\pow(1 .. 3) $:" + "Ein weiteres Beispiel ist folgende abgeänderte strikte Untermengenrelation $\\subset$ für $ℙ(1 .. 3) $:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 83, + "execution_count": 131, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -7375,18 +7071,18 @@ "{(∅↦{1}),(∅↦{2}),(∅↦{3}),({1}↦{1,2}),({1}↦{1,3}),({1,2}↦{1,2,3}),({1,3}↦{1,2,3}),({2}↦{1,2}),({2}↦{2,3}),({2,3}↦{1,2,3}),({3}↦{1,3}),({3}↦{2,3})}" ] }, - "execution_count": 83, + "execution_count": 131, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ - ":let sub1 {x,y|y:POW(1..3) & x <<:y & card(x)+1=card(y)}" + ":let sub1 {x,y|y:ℙ(1..3) & x ⊂ y & card(x)+1=card(y)}" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 89, + "execution_count": 132, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -7395,7 +7091,7 @@ "Preference changed: DOT_DECOMPOSE_NODES = false\n" ] }, - "execution_count": 89, + "execution_count": 132, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -7406,7 +7102,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 90, + "execution_count": 133, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -7539,10 +7235,10 @@ "</svg>" ], "text/plain": [ - "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [Arsub1hA={1,2,3} & r={(1,2),(2,3)} & sub1={({},{1}),({},{2}),({},{3}),({1},{1,2}),({1},{1,3}),({1,2},{1,2,3}),({1,3},{1,2,3}),({2},{1,2}),({2},{2,3}),({2,3},{1,2,3}),({3},{1,3}),({3},{2,3})} & h={(2,1),(4,2),(6,3),(8,4),(10,5)}(\"sub1\",sub1)]>" + "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [sub1sub1={({},{1}),({},{2}),({},{3}),({1},{1,2}),({1},{1,3}),({1,2},{1,2,3}),({1,3},{1,2,3}),({2},{1,2}),({2},{2,3}),({2,3},{1,2,3}),({3},{1,3}),({3},{2,3})}(\"sub1\",sub1)]>" ] }, - "execution_count": 90, + "execution_count": 133, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -7553,7 +7249,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 92, + "execution_count": 134, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -7728,10 +7424,10 @@ "</svg>" ], "text/plain": [ - "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [Arsub1hA={1,2,3} & r={(1,2),(2,3)} & sub1={({},{1}),({},{2}),({},{3}),({1},{1,2}),({1},{1,3}),({1,2},{1,2,3}),({1,3},{1,2,3}),({2},{1,2}),({2},{2,3}),({2,3},{1,2,3}),({3},{1,3}),({3},{2,3})} & h={(2,1),(4,2),(6,3),(8,4),(10,5)}(\"sub1\",closure1(sub1))]>" + "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [sub1sub1={({},{1}),({},{2}),({},{3}),({1},{1,2}),({1},{1,3}),({1,2},{1,2,3}),({1,3},{1,2,3}),({2},{1,2}),({2},{2,3}),({2,3},{1,2,3}),({3},{1,3}),({3},{2,3})}(\"sub1\",closure1(sub1))]>" ] }, - "execution_count": 92, + "execution_count": 134, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -7755,7 +7451,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 51, + "execution_count": 135, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -7767,7 +7463,7 @@ "{1,2,3}" ] }, - "execution_count": 51, + "execution_count": 135, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -7778,7 +7474,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 93, + "execution_count": 136, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -7790,7 +7486,7 @@ "{(1↦2),(2↦3)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 93, + "execution_count": 136, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -7801,7 +7497,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 94, + "execution_count": 137, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -7849,10 +7545,10 @@ "</svg>" ], "text/plain": [ - "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [Arsub1hA={1,2,3} & r={(1,2),(2,3)} & sub1={({},{1}),({},{2}),({},{3}),({1},{1,2}),({1},{1,3}),({1,2},{1,2,3}),({1,3},{1,2,3}),({2},{1,2}),({2},{2,3}),({2,3},{1,2,3}),({3},{1,3}),({3},{2,3})} & h={(2,1),(4,2),(6,3),(8,4),(10,5)}(\"r\",r)]>" + "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [Arsub1A={1,2,3} & r={(1,2),(2,3)} & sub1={({},{1}),({},{2}),({},{3}),({1},{1,2}),({1},{1,3}),({1,2},{1,2,3}),({1,3},{1,2,3}),({2},{1,2}),({2},{2,3}),({2,3},{1,2,3}),({3},{1,3}),({3},{2,3})}(\"r\",r)]>" ] }, - 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"execution_count": 65, + "execution_count": 141, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], + "source": [ + ":dot expr_as_graph (\"r*\",id(A) \\/ r \\/ (r;r) \\/ (r;r;r) \\/ (r;r;r;r))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Als Vergleich dazu sieht die transitive Hülle so aus:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "closure1(r)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], "source": [ ":dot expr_as_graph (\"r+\",closure1(r))" ] @@ -8137,7 +7760,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 69, + "execution_count": 142, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8149,7 +7772,7 @@ "{1,2}" ] }, - "execution_count": 69, + "execution_count": 142, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8167,30 +7790,16 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 72, + "execution_count": null, "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "data": { - "text/markdown": [ - "$/*@symbolic*/ \\{\\mathit{z\\_},\\mathit{z\\_\\_}\\mid \\mathit{z\\_} \\mapsto \\mathit{z\\_\\_} \\in \\{(1\\mapsto 2),(1\\mapsto 3),(2\\mapsto 3)\\} \\lor \\mathit{z\\_} = \\mathit{z\\_\\_}\\}$" - ], - "text/plain": [ - "/*@symbolic*/ {z_,z__∣z_ ↦ z__ ∈ {(1↦2),(1↦3),(2↦3)} ∨ z_ = z__}" - ] - }, - "execution_count": 72, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "execute_result" - } - ], + "outputs": [], "source": [ "closure(r)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 71, + "execution_count": 143, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8202,7 +7811,7 @@ "{1,2,3}" ] }, - "execution_count": 71, + "execution_count": 143, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8213,7 +7822,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 159, + "execution_count": 144, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ @@ -8237,7 +7846,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 101, + "execution_count": 145, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8249,7 +7858,7 @@ "{(1↦2),(2↦3),(3↦4),(4↦5),(5↦6),(6↦7),(7↦8),(8↦9),(9↦10),(10↦11)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 101, + "execution_count": 145, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8267,7 +7876,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 100, + "execution_count": 146, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8400,10 +8009,10 @@ "</svg>" ], "text/plain": [ - "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [Arsub1hA={1,2,3} & r={(1,2),(2,3)} & sub1={({},{1}),({},{2}),({},{3}),({1},{1,2}),({1},{1,3}),({1,2},{1,2,3}),({1,3},{1,2,3}),({2},{1,2}),({2},{2,3}),({2,3},{1,2,3}),({3},{1,3}),({3},{2,3})} & h={(2,1),(4,2),(6,3),(8,4),(10,5)}(\"sub1\",sub1)]>" + "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [Asub1A={1,2,3} & sub1={({},{1}),({},{2}),({},{3}),({1},{1,2}),({1},{1,3}),({1,2},{1,2,3}),({1,3},{1,2,3}),({2},{1,2}),({2},{2,3}),({2,3},{1,2,3}),({3},{1,3}),({3},{2,3})}(\"sub1\",sub1)]>" ] }, - "execution_count": 100, + "execution_count": 146, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8421,23 +8030,9 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 102, + "execution_count": null, "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "data": { - "text/markdown": [ - "$\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\{(\\emptyset\\mapsto\\{1\\}),(\\emptyset\\mapsto\\{2\\}),(\\emptyset\\mapsto\\{3\\}),(\\{1\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2\\}),(\\{1\\}\\mapsto\\{1,3\\}),(\\{1,2\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2,3\\}),(\\{1,3\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2,3\\}),(\\{2\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2\\}),(\\{2\\}\\mapsto\\{2,3\\}),(\\{2,3\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2,3\\}),(\\{3\\}\\mapsto\\{1,3\\}),(\\{3\\}\\mapsto\\{2,3\\})\\}$" - ], - "text/plain": [ - "{(∅↦{1}),(∅↦{2}),(∅↦{3}),({1}↦{1,2}),({1}↦{1,3}),({1,2}↦{1,2,3}),({1,3}↦{1,2,3}),({2}↦{1,2}),({2}↦{2,3}),({2,3}↦{1,2,3}),({3}↦{1,3}),({3}↦{2,3})}" - ] - }, - "execution_count": 102, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "execute_result" - } - ], + "outputs": [], "source": [ "sub1" ] @@ -8456,7 +8051,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 104, + "execution_count": 147, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8468,7 +8063,7 @@ "FALSE" ] }, - "execution_count": 104, + "execution_count": 147, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8479,7 +8074,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 114, + "execution_count": 148, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8491,18 +8086,18 @@ "FALSE" ] }, - "execution_count": 114, + "execution_count": 148, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ - "sub1 ∈ POW(1..3) --> POW(1..3)" + "sub1 ∈ ℙ(1..3) --> ℙ(1..3)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, + "execution_count": 149, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ @@ -8511,7 +8106,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 107, + "execution_count": 150, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8523,7 +8118,7 @@ "{(1↦2),(2↦3),(3↦4),(4↦5),(5↦6),(6↦7),(7↦8),(8↦9),(9↦10),(10↦11)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 107, + "execution_count": 150, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8534,19 +8129,16 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 108, + "execution_count": 151, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "$\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\mathit{TRUE}$\n", + "$\\mathit{TRUE}$\n", "\n", "**Solution:**\n", "* $\\mathit{A} = \\{1,2,3\\}$\n", - "* $\\mathit{r} = \\{(1\\mapsto 2),(2\\mapsto 3)\\}$\n", - "* $\\mathit{sub1} = \\{(\\emptyset\\mapsto\\{1\\}),(\\emptyset\\mapsto\\{2\\}),(\\emptyset\\mapsto\\{3\\}),(\\{1\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2\\}),(\\{1\\}\\mapsto\\{1,3\\}),(\\{1,2\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2,3\\}),(\\{1,3\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2,3\\}),(\\{2\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2\\}),(\\{2\\}\\mapsto\\{2,3\\}),(\\{2,3\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2,3\\}),(\\{3\\}\\mapsto\\{1,3\\}),(\\{3\\}\\mapsto\\{2,3\\})\\}$\n", - "* $\\mathit{h} = \\{(2\\mapsto 1),(4\\mapsto 2),(6\\mapsto 3),(8\\mapsto 4),(10\\mapsto 5)\\}$\n", "* $\\mathit{i10} = \\{(1\\mapsto 2),(2\\mapsto 3),(3\\mapsto 4),(4\\mapsto 5),(5\\mapsto 6),(6\\mapsto 7),(7\\mapsto 8),(8\\mapsto 9),(9\\mapsto 10),(10\\mapsto 11)\\}$" ], "text/plain": [ @@ -8554,13 +8146,10 @@ "\n", "Solution:\n", "\tA = {1,2,3}\n", - "\tr = {(1↦2),(2↦3)}\n", - "\tsub1 = {(∅↦{1}),(∅↦{2}),(∅↦{3}),({1}↦{1,2}),({1}↦{1,3}),({1,2}↦{1,2,3}),({1,3}↦{1,2,3}),({2}↦{1,2}),({2}↦{2,3}),({2,3}↦{1,2,3}),({3}↦{1,3}),({3}↦{2,3})}\n", - "\th = {(2↦1),(4↦2),(6↦3),(8↦4),(10↦5)}\n", "\ti10 = {(1↦2),(2↦3),(3↦4),(4↦5),(5↦6),(6↦7),(7↦8),(8↦9),(9↦10),(10↦11)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 108, + "execution_count": 151, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8571,19 +8160,16 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 111, + "execution_count": 152, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "$\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\mathit{TRUE}$\n", + "$\\mathit{TRUE}$\n", "\n", "**Solution:**\n", "* $\\mathit{A} = \\{1,2,3\\}$\n", - "* $\\mathit{r} = \\{(1\\mapsto 2),(2\\mapsto 3)\\}$\n", - "* $\\mathit{sub1} = \\{(\\emptyset\\mapsto\\{1\\}),(\\emptyset\\mapsto\\{2\\}),(\\emptyset\\mapsto\\{3\\}),(\\{1\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2\\}),(\\{1\\}\\mapsto\\{1,3\\}),(\\{1,2\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2,3\\}),(\\{1,3\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2,3\\}),(\\{2\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2\\}),(\\{2\\}\\mapsto\\{2,3\\}),(\\{2,3\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2,3\\}),(\\{3\\}\\mapsto\\{1,3\\}),(\\{3\\}\\mapsto\\{2,3\\})\\}$\n", - "* $\\mathit{h} = \\{(2\\mapsto 1),(4\\mapsto 2),(6\\mapsto 3),(8\\mapsto 4),(10\\mapsto 5)\\}$\n", "* $\\mathit{i10} = \\{(1\\mapsto 2),(2\\mapsto 3),(3\\mapsto 4),(4\\mapsto 5),(5\\mapsto 6),(6\\mapsto 7),(7\\mapsto 8),(8\\mapsto 9),(9\\mapsto 10),(10\\mapsto 11)\\}$" ], "text/plain": [ @@ -8591,13 +8177,10 @@ "\n", "Solution:\n", "\tA = {1,2,3}\n", - "\tr = {(1↦2),(2↦3)}\n", - "\tsub1 = {(∅↦{1}),(∅↦{2}),(∅↦{3}),({1}↦{1,2}),({1}↦{1,3}),({1,2}↦{1,2,3}),({1,3}↦{1,2,3}),({2}↦{1,2}),({2}↦{2,3}),({2,3}↦{1,2,3}),({3}↦{1,3}),({3}↦{2,3})}\n", - "\th = {(2↦1),(4↦2),(6↦3),(8↦4),(10↦5)}\n", "\ti10 = {(1↦2),(2↦3),(3↦4),(4↦5),(5↦6),(6↦7),(7↦8),(8↦9),(9↦10),(10↦11)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 111, + "execution_count": 152, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8615,19 +8198,16 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 115, + "execution_count": 153, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "$\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\mathit{TRUE}$\n", + "$\\mathit{TRUE}$\n", "\n", "**Solution:**\n", "* $\\mathit{A} = \\{1,2,3\\}$\n", - "* $\\mathit{r} = \\{(1\\mapsto 2),(2\\mapsto 3)\\}$\n", - "* $\\mathit{sub1} = \\{(\\emptyset\\mapsto\\{1\\}),(\\emptyset\\mapsto\\{2\\}),(\\emptyset\\mapsto\\{3\\}),(\\{1\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2\\}),(\\{1\\}\\mapsto\\{1,3\\}),(\\{1,2\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2,3\\}),(\\{1,3\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2,3\\}),(\\{2\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2\\}),(\\{2\\}\\mapsto\\{2,3\\}),(\\{2,3\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2,3\\}),(\\{3\\}\\mapsto\\{1,3\\}),(\\{3\\}\\mapsto\\{2,3\\})\\}$\n", - "* $\\mathit{h} = \\{(2\\mapsto 1),(4\\mapsto 2),(6\\mapsto 3),(8\\mapsto 4),(10\\mapsto 5)\\}$\n", "* $\\mathit{i10} = \\{(1\\mapsto 2),(2\\mapsto 3),(3\\mapsto 4),(4\\mapsto 5),(5\\mapsto 6),(6\\mapsto 7),(7\\mapsto 8),(8\\mapsto 9),(9\\mapsto 10),(10\\mapsto 11)\\}$" ], "text/plain": [ @@ -8635,13 +8215,10 @@ "\n", "Solution:\n", "\tA = {1,2,3}\n", - "\tr = {(1↦2),(2↦3)}\n", - "\tsub1 = {(∅↦{1}),(∅↦{2}),(∅↦{3}),({1}↦{1,2}),({1}↦{1,3}),({1,2}↦{1,2,3}),({1,3}↦{1,2,3}),({2}↦{1,2}),({2}↦{2,3}),({2,3}↦{1,2,3}),({3}↦{1,3}),({3}↦{2,3})}\n", - "\th = {(2↦1),(4↦2),(6↦3),(8↦4),(10↦5)}\n", "\ti10 = {(1↦2),(2↦3),(3↦4),(4↦5),(5↦6),(6↦7),(7↦8),(8↦9),(9↦10),(10↦11)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 115, + "execution_count": 153, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8659,7 +8236,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 116, + "execution_count": 154, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8671,7 +8248,7 @@ "FALSE" ] }, - "execution_count": 116, + "execution_count": 154, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8682,7 +8259,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 117, + "execution_count": 155, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8694,7 +8271,7 @@ "FALSE" ] }, - "execution_count": 117, + "execution_count": 155, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8703,6 +8280,29 @@ "i10 ∈ 0..10 --> 0..100" ] }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 156, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/markdown": [ + "$\\{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10\\}$" + ], + "text/plain": [ + "{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 156, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + } + ], + "source": [ + "dom(i10)" + ] + }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, @@ -8712,19 +8312,16 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 118, + "execution_count": 157, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ - "$\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\renewcommand{\\emptyset}{\\mathord\\varnothing}\\mathit{TRUE}$\n", + "$\\mathit{TRUE}$\n", "\n", "**Solution:**\n", "* $\\mathit{A} = \\{1,2,3\\}$\n", - "* $\\mathit{r} = \\{(1\\mapsto 2),(2\\mapsto 3)\\}$\n", - "* $\\mathit{sub1} = \\{(\\emptyset\\mapsto\\{1\\}),(\\emptyset\\mapsto\\{2\\}),(\\emptyset\\mapsto\\{3\\}),(\\{1\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2\\}),(\\{1\\}\\mapsto\\{1,3\\}),(\\{1,2\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2,3\\}),(\\{1,3\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2,3\\}),(\\{2\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2\\}),(\\{2\\}\\mapsto\\{2,3\\}),(\\{2,3\\}\\mapsto\\{1,2,3\\}),(\\{3\\}\\mapsto\\{1,3\\}),(\\{3\\}\\mapsto\\{2,3\\})\\}$\n", - "* $\\mathit{h} = \\{(2\\mapsto 1),(4\\mapsto 2),(6\\mapsto 3),(8\\mapsto 4),(10\\mapsto 5)\\}$\n", "* $\\mathit{i10} = \\{(1\\mapsto 2),(2\\mapsto 3),(3\\mapsto 4),(4\\mapsto 5),(5\\mapsto 6),(6\\mapsto 7),(7\\mapsto 8),(8\\mapsto 9),(9\\mapsto 10),(10\\mapsto 11)\\}$\n", "* $\\mathit{z} = 5$" ], @@ -8733,14 +8330,11 @@ "\n", "Solution:\n", "\tA = {1,2,3}\n", - "\tr = {(1↦2),(2↦3)}\n", - "\tsub1 = {(∅↦{1}),(∅↦{2}),(∅↦{3}),({1}↦{1,2}),({1}↦{1,3}),({1,2}↦{1,2,3}),({1,3}↦{1,2,3}),({2}↦{1,2}),({2}↦{2,3}),({2,3}↦{1,2,3}),({3}↦{1,3}),({3}↦{2,3})}\n", - "\th = {(2↦1),(4↦2),(6↦3),(8↦4),(10↦5)}\n", "\ti10 = {(1↦2),(2↦3),(3↦4),(4↦5),(5↦6),(6↦7),(7↦8),(8↦9),(9↦10),(10↦11)}\n", "\tz = 5" ] }, - "execution_count": 118, + "execution_count": 157, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8751,7 +8345,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 119, + "execution_count": 158, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8763,7 +8357,7 @@ "{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}" ] }, - "execution_count": 119, + "execution_count": 158, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8774,7 +8368,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 120, + "execution_count": 159, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8786,7 +8380,7 @@ "{2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11}" ] }, - "execution_count": 120, + "execution_count": 159, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8797,7 +8391,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 122, + "execution_count": 160, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8809,7 +8403,7 @@ "{5,6}" ] }, - "execution_count": 122, + "execution_count": 160, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8820,7 +8414,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 123, + "execution_count": 167, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8832,7 +8426,7 @@ "{5}" ] }, - "execution_count": 123, + "execution_count": 167, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8843,7 +8437,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 124, + "execution_count": 162, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8855,7 +8449,7 @@ "{3}" ] }, - "execution_count": 124, + "execution_count": 162, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8866,7 +8460,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 125, + "execution_count": 163, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8878,7 +8472,7 @@ "{6}" ] }, - "execution_count": 125, + "execution_count": 163, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8889,7 +8483,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 126, + "execution_count": 164, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8901,7 +8495,7 @@ "{5,6,7,8,9,10,11}" ] }, - "execution_count": 126, + "execution_count": 164, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8912,7 +8506,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 127, + "execution_count": 165, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8924,7 +8518,7 @@ "{1,2,3}" ] }, - "execution_count": 127, + "execution_count": 165, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8942,7 +8536,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 128, + "execution_count": 170, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8954,7 +8548,7 @@ "5" ] }, - "execution_count": 128, + "execution_count": 170, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8965,7 +8559,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 129, + "execution_count": 171, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -8977,7 +8571,7 @@ "10" ] }, - "execution_count": 129, + "execution_count": 171, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -8995,7 +8589,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 130, + "execution_count": 172, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9007,7 +8601,7 @@ "∅" ] }, - "execution_count": 130, + "execution_count": 172, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9018,17 +8612,40 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 131, + "execution_count": 173, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/markdown": [ + "$\\{(1\\mapsto 2),(2\\mapsto 3),(3\\mapsto 4),(4\\mapsto 5),(5\\mapsto 6),(6\\mapsto 7),(7\\mapsto 8),(8\\mapsto 9),(9\\mapsto 10),(10\\mapsto 11)\\}$" + ], + "text/plain": [ + "{(1↦2),(2↦3),(3↦4),(4↦5),(5↦6),(6↦7),(7↦8),(8↦9),(9↦10),(10↦11)}" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 173, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + } + ], + "source": [ + "i10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 174, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "ename": "CommandExecutionException", - "evalue": ":eval: NOT-WELL-DEFINED: \nfunction applied outside of domain (#7): Function argument: 100, function value: {}\n ### Line: 1, Column: 316 until 324\n\n", + "evalue": ":eval: NOT-WELL-DEFINED: \nfunction applied outside of domain (#7): Function argument: 100, function value: {}\n ### Line: 1, Column: 99 until 107\n\n", "output_type": "error", "traceback": [ "\u001b[1m\u001b[31m:eval: NOT-WELL-DEFINED: \u001b[0m", "\u001b[1m\u001b[31mfunction applied outside of domain (#7): Function argument: 100, function value: {}\u001b[0m", - "\u001b[1m\u001b[31m ### Line: 1, Column: 316 until 324\u001b[0m" + "\u001b[1m\u001b[31m ### Line: 1, Column: 99 until 107\u001b[0m" ] } ], @@ -9045,7 +8662,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 135, + "execution_count": 175, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9057,7 +8674,7 @@ "{{(1↦1),(2↦1)},{(1↦1),(2↦2)},{(1↦2),(2↦1)},{(1↦2),(2↦2)}}" ] }, - "execution_count": 135, + "execution_count": 175, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9081,7 +8698,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 137, + "execution_count": 176, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9093,7 +8710,7 @@ "{∅,{(1↦1)},{(1↦1),(2↦1)},{(1↦1),(2↦2)},{(1↦2)},{(1↦2),(2↦1)},{(1↦2),(2↦2)},{(2↦1)},{(2↦2)}}" ] }, - "execution_count": 137, + "execution_count": 176, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9102,6 +8719,37 @@ "1..2 +-> 1..2" ] }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 177, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/markdown": [ + "$\\mathit{TRUE}$\n", + "\n", + "**Solution:**\n", + "* $\\mathit{A} = \\{1,2,3\\}$\n", + "* $\\mathit{i10} = \\{(1\\mapsto 2),(2\\mapsto 3),(3\\mapsto 4),(4\\mapsto 5),(5\\mapsto 6),(6\\mapsto 7),(7\\mapsto 8),(8\\mapsto 9),(9\\mapsto 10),(10\\mapsto 11)\\}$" + ], + "text/plain": [ + "TRUE\n", + "\n", + "Solution:\n", + "\tA = {1,2,3}\n", + "\ti10 = {(1↦2),(2↦3),(3↦4),(4↦5),(5↦6),(6↦7),(7↦8),(8↦9),(9↦10),(10↦11)}" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 177, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + } + ], + "source": [ + "(1..2 --> 1..2) <: (1..2 +-> 1..2)" + ] + }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, @@ -9111,7 +8759,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 141, + "execution_count": 178, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9123,7 +8771,7 @@ "{∅,{(1↦1)},{(1↦2)},{(2↦1)},{(2↦2)}}" ] }, - "execution_count": 141, + "execution_count": 178, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9141,7 +8789,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 143, + "execution_count": 179, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9153,7 +8801,7 @@ "{{(1↦1),(2↦2)},{(1↦2),(2↦1)}}" ] }, - "execution_count": 143, + "execution_count": 179, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9171,7 +8819,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 139, + "execution_count": 180, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9183,7 +8831,7 @@ "{{(1↦1),(2↦2)},{(1↦2),(2↦1)}}" ] }, - "execution_count": 139, + "execution_count": 180, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9194,7 +8842,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 140, + "execution_count": 181, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9206,7 +8854,7 @@ "{{(1↦1),(2↦2)},{(1↦2),(2↦1)}}" ] }, - "execution_count": 140, + "execution_count": 181, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9217,7 +8865,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 160, + "execution_count": 182, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ @@ -9230,7 +8878,7 @@ "source": [ "# Endliche Folgen\n", " \n", - "Es gibt verschiedene Schreibweisen für endliche Folgen. \\\\\n", + "Es gibt verschiedene Schreibweisen für endliche Folgen.\n", "Zum Beispiel $[1,2]$ ist eine Folge bestehend aus der Zahl 1 gefolgt von der Zahl 2.\n", "\n", "(Anmerkung: Im Skript werden wir eine andere Schreibweise verwenden. Zum Beispiel, $ab$ ist die\n", @@ -9268,7 +8916,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 146, + "execution_count": 199, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9280,7 +8928,7 @@ "{(1↦22),(2↦22),(3↦33)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 146, + "execution_count": 199, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9291,7 +8939,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 147, + "execution_count": 200, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9303,7 +8951,7 @@ "{(1↦22),(2↦22),(3↦33)}" ] }, - "execution_count": 147, + "execution_count": 200, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9314,7 +8962,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 158, + "execution_count": 190, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9378,10 +9026,10 @@ "</svg>" ], "text/plain": [ - "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [Arsub1Ghi10A={1,2,3} & r={(1,2),(2,3)} & sub1={({},{1}),({},{2}),({},{3}),({1},{1,2}),({1},{1,3}),({1,2},{1,2,3}),({1,3},{1,2,3}),({2},{1,2}),({2},{2,3}),({2,3},{1,2,3}),({3},{1,3}),({3},{2,3})} & G={(1,22),(2,22),(3,33)} & h={(2,1),(4,2),(6,3),(8,4),(10,5)} & i10={(1,2),(2,3),(3,4),(4,5),(5,6),(6,7),(7,8),(8,9),(9,10),(10,11)}(\"G\",G)]>" + "<Dot visualization: expr_as_graph [AGA={1,2,3} & G={(1,22),(2,22),(3,33)}(\"G\",G)]>" ] }, - "execution_count": 158, + "execution_count": 190, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9405,7 +9053,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 149, + "execution_count": 191, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9417,7 +9065,7 @@ "22" ] }, - "execution_count": 149, + "execution_count": 191, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9435,7 +9083,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 150, + "execution_count": 192, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9447,7 +9095,7 @@ "3" ] }, - "execution_count": 150, + "execution_count": 192, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9458,7 +9106,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 151, + "execution_count": 193, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9470,7 +9118,7 @@ "3" ] }, - "execution_count": 151, + "execution_count": 193, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9488,7 +9136,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 153, + "execution_count": 194, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9500,7 +9148,7 @@ "{1,2,3}" ] }, - "execution_count": 153, + "execution_count": 194, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9511,7 +9159,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 154, + "execution_count": 195, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9523,7 +9171,7 @@ "{22,33}" ] }, - "execution_count": 154, + "execution_count": 195, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9534,7 +9182,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 155, + "execution_count": 196, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { @@ -9546,7 +9194,7 @@ "{1,2}" ] }, - "execution_count": 155, + "execution_count": 196, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } @@ -9557,7 +9205,7 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 161, + "execution_count": 197, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [